John the Baptist (Yahya Yuhana) baptizing Yeshua the Nazorean Christ (Yeshua Ha Mashiah / Yishu Mshiha / Jesus Christ)

In Mandaean and early Nazorean Gnostic traditions, baptism is a central ritual symbolizing spiritual purification, enlightenment, and the soul’s connection to the divine world. Unlike the Christian concept of baptism as a one-time act for salvation, Mandaean baptism (masbuta) is a repeated, sacred act performed in flowing, living waters, representing the soul’s continual cleansing and ascent toward the Lightworld. It is a powerful rite of renewal and protection, believed to wash away darkness and negative influences while reconnecting the individual with divine truth and the higher spiritual realms. For early Nazoreans, baptism also carried esoteric significance as a transformative journey—an initiation into hidden wisdom and an alignment with cosmic forces. Both groups viewed John the Baptist as the master of this sacred practice, elevating baptism as a mystical path to liberation and unity with the divine.